Maksim Matveevich Cherednyak ( be, Максім Матвеевіч Чарадняк; ) was a Belarusian Jewishanarchist, a member of the Makhnovist movement and commander of the Katerynoslav infantry regiment.
Biography
Cherednyak was born into a
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
hairdresser
A hairdresser is a person whose occupation is to cut or style hair in order to change or maintain a person's image. This is achieved using a combination of hair coloring, haircutting, and hair texturing techniques. A Hairdresser may also be re ...
by profession. From 1904 to 1905, he was an associate of the Bialystok anarchist, the "Headless" Striga, and participated in terrorist acts in
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
and
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
. From 1907 to 1917 he lived in America and
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
, before moving to
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
in the wake of the Russian Revolution.
In 1917, he organized an anarchist miners' fighting detachment in
Makeyevka
Makiivka ( uk, Макіївка, Makíyivka, ; russian: Макеевка, Makeyevka, ), formerly Dmytriivsk, is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Located from the capital Donetsk, the two cities are practically a conurbati ...
Yuriy Sablin
Yuriy Vladimirovich Sablin ( Russian: Юрий Владимирович Саблин; 24 November 1897 – 1937) was a Russian military leader and Socialist Revolutionary.
Yuriy was born in Yuryev, Governorate of Livonia, into a family of a ...
, he was the first to enter
Kharkiv
Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Ukrainian Soviet government, and Cherednyak was arrested.
After his release in the spring of 1919, he joined the Makhnovist movement. He acted as regiment commander of the Makhno brigade, then head of the formation department at the brigade headquarters and head of counterintelligence in Berdyansk.
In June 1919 he was captured by the
Whites
White is a racialized classification of people and a skin color specifier, generally used for people of European origin, although the definition can vary depending on context, nationality, and point of view.
Description of populations as ...
in
Huliaipole
Huliaipole ( uk, Гуляйполе ; ) is a city in Polohy Raion, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It is known as the birthplace of Ukrainian anarchist revolutionary Nestor Makhno. In 2021, it had a population of Huliaipole was attacked by Russian ...
. He was tortured but managed to escape.
In October 1919, the Makhnovist headquarters sent detachments of Syrovatsky and Cherednyak to destroy Denikin's rear.
In 1922 he was arrested by the OGPU; on 11 May 1923 he was sentenced to two years of exile in
Narym
Narym (russian: Нарым, Selkup for ''marsh'') is a village ('' selo'') in Parabelsky District of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Ob River near its confluence with the Ket River, from the village of Parabel. The village i ...
.
With the end of the term of exile he emigrated, in 1930, and became a member of the anarchist movement abroad.